how to design W shape antenna

Design of a broad-band probe-fed patch antenna with the effect of metal thickness on various ground planes is presented. At first we design patch antenna with a rectangular ground plane. In the next step the inverted V-shaped ground plane is obtained by bending the planar ground plane, W-shape is obtained from inverted V-shape seen in the resonant direction of the patch antenna and then adding proper flanges at the two straight edges of the bent ground plane. The proposed design is applicable to the patch antenna with a planar radiating patch with a thin-air substrate. With the use of various ground planes the effective substrate thickness increases which results in broad bandwidth and with the increase in conductor thickness the resonant frequency changes.